P]ltxfl;s
k[i7e"ld
clx+;fTds
cfGbf]ngsf ;Dejt M ;+;f/s} k|yd k|of]ustf{ dxfTdf ufGwL sf] ljrf/ Jojxf/ /
cfbz{ af6 k|efljt eO{ g]kfnsf ufGwL eg]/ lrlgg] t'n;Ld]x/ >]i7n] tTsfnLg
/f0ff >L % lqe'jgjf6 3f]if0ff u/fO{ sf7df8f}+ l:yt uf]7f6f/ l:yt dgf]x/f
l:yt :yfgdf tTsfnLg dft[sf k|;fb sf]O/fnf ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fPsf] %^ /f]kgL hUuf
/ /f0ffsfnLg ;dob]lv o;} :yfgdf ag]sf] æhggf sf/fuf/Æ tTsfnLg dGqL kl/ibsf]
lg0f{o af6 lj=;= @)!) df t'n;L d]x]/sf ;fdfhf]kof]uL sfo{df k|of]u ug{sf nflu
pknAw ePsf] b]lvG5 . t'n;Ld]x]/sf] d"n Wo]o dlxnf cfTdlge{/tf / hfu/0f sf
nflu dlxnf lzIff, :yfgLo :t/df pknAw sRrf ;fdfu|Lsf] k|of]ujf6 3/]n' ;fdfgsf
pTkfbg / ;dfhdf pkx]lnt slyt tNnf] ju{ / ;d'bfo / hftsf dlxnfx?sf] zf}lIfs
pTyfg lyof] .
@))& ;fnsf] kl/j{tg kZrft cfˆgf pko'{Qm
nIox?nfO{ d"t{?k lbg :jo+ t'n;Ld]x]/sf] k|d'v kxndf xfnsf] sfu]Zj/L dgx/f
g=kf= – ( l:yt sf/fuf/ /x]sf] o;} :yfgdf /fhf lqe'jg af6 @)!) ;fn df3 @! ut]
ufGwL cfbz{ dlxnf ljBfno ejg lznfGof; eO{ ljBfno :yfkgf ePsf] xf] . ;'?df
t'n;Ld]x]/sf] cWoIftf Pj+ ;+/IfsTjDfF ;+RFFNfGf eP klg @)@* ;fndf gofF lzIff nfu" ePkZrft of]
ljBfno g]kfn ;/sf/ sf] dftxtdf /xL xfn ufGwL cfbz{ dfWoflds ljBfnosf] ?kdf ;+rflnt 5 . xfn sIff !@ ;Dd
lzIf0f l;sfO{ lqmofsnfk ;+rfng x'g] o; ljBfnosf] ljsf; / lj:tf/df o; If]qsf
a'l4lhjL, lzIffk]|dL, ;dfh;]jL, /fhgLltsdL{ nufot ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnsf]
of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . k|f/lDes sfndf dlxnfsf nflu lzIff k|bfg ug]{ pB]Zo;fy
vf]lnPsf] ljBfno ePtfklg ejgsf] lgdf{0f / Joj:yfkg kZrft lj=;+= @)!$ df
l;kd"ns tflndsf] ;d]t Joj:yf ul/Psf] kfOG5 . @)!* ;fndf ljBfnon] dfWolds
txsf] :jLs[lt k|fKt u/L lj=;+= @)!( ;fn b]lv k|j]zLsf k/LIff -P;=Pn=l;_df
ljBfyL{ ;fd]n u/fpb} cfPsf] 5 . lj=;+= @)^) df3 @! ut] cfˆgf] :yfkgfsf]
:j0f{ dxf]T;j dgfO;s]sf] o; ljBfnon] xfn ;Dd b]z, ;dfh / ;d'bfosf nflu cfjZos
hgzlQm pTkfbg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 / o; If]qdf cfˆgf] k[ys nf]slk|otf ;d]t xfl;n u/]sf] 5
.
ef}uf]lns cj:yfM
sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] ;dy/ hdLg / kljq
dgx/f gbLsf] kFmf6df cjl:yt of] ljBfno sf7df8f}+ lhNNff sfu]Zj/L dgf]x/f
gu/kfnLsf j8f g+= – ( df kb{5 . /Tgkfs{ af6 s/Lj & ls=dL= k"j{df
/x]sf] of] ljBfnosf] k"j{ / blIf0f k§L kSsL ;8s tyf klZrd / pQ/ tk{m g]kfn
rvf{ k|rf/s ufGwL t'n;L :df/s dxfu'7L /x]sf] 5 . s/Lj !! /f]kgL If]qkmndf lj:tfl/t
ljBfno kl/;/sf] jftfj/0f zfGt, ;'/Do / ljBfyL{d}qL 5 .
ljBfno ;d'bfosf] jgf]6
ljBfno jl/kl/ / o;sf] ;]jfIf]q leq
ljleGg wd{dfGg], km/s–km/s ;+:s[lt ePsf k[ys hfthflt / efiff efifL ePsf
dflg;x¿sf] j;f]jf; 5 . ;fdflhs ;b\efj / ;f+:s[lts ;lxi0'tf sfod /x]sf] o; e]udf
j|fDx0f -bfxfn,rfkfufO{, ;+h]n, k'8f;}gL cflb_, If]qL - yfkf, v8\sf, /fodfemL,
a:g]t cflb_ nufot, k's'{6L, d+u|ftL, ljz'+v], yfkfdu/ cflbsf] afx'Notf /x]sf] 5
/ xfnsf lbgx?df cfGtl/s j;fO;/fO sf sf/0fn] ljleGg hfthflt / efiffefifL sf
dflg;x¿ ylkg] qmd ePsfn] ljBfno leq ax'efiff / ax';+:s[ltsf] ;Kt/ª\uL b[Zo
b]lvG5 . @)–@@ jif{ cuf8L s[lifnfO{ k|d'v k]zfsf] ?kdf cFufNg] o; ;d'bfodf
zx/Ls/0f ;Fu} /f]huf/Lsf If]qx? ylkgfn] dflg;x¿sf] cfly{s :t/ dfly p7]sf]
b]lvG5 . oBlk ljBfnodf cWoog/t clwstd afnaflnsfx? o; If]qdf 8]/f lnO a:g]
cleefjs tyf 3/]n' >lds ePsfn] ljBfyL{sf] ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts / eflifs ;+of]hg
dhj't ePtf klg cfly{s xf}l;ot cToGt lgDg :t/sf] 5 .
;]jf If]qsf] kl/efiff
sf7dfG8f}+ pkTosfsf] zx/L If]qsf clwst/
;fd'bflos ljBfnodf ;f] If]qdf 8]/f lnO a:g] afa'cfdfsf 5f]/f – 5f]/L, Hofnf
dhb'/L u/]/ hLjg lgjf{x ug]{ cleefjssf ljBfyL{ tyf /fHon] sfg'gtM lgif]w u/]sf]
t/ ;dfhsf s]xL JolQmx¿sf] ;fdfGtjfbL dgf]u|lGysf sf/0f z]if /x]sf] 3/]n' >dLs
/fVg] s'k|yfn] jfn>ldssf] ?kdf /flvPsf 3/]n' >ldsx¿n] cWoog ug]{ ePsfn]
ljBfnosf] :yfoL / lglZrt e"uf]nsf] ;]jf If]q ls6fg ug{ sl7gfO kb{5 tyflk
sfu]Zj/L dgf]x/f g=kf= j8f g+= ^,&,*,( / sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf sf]6]Zj/
k"j{ tk{msf] j8f g+= #@ sf] If]q o; ljBfnosf] ;]jf If]q xf] .